Quote:
Originally Posted by ChotooMotoo
Yes he is. And I hate you too  (j/k) |
haha. i like pathans because the ones i grew up with and was exposed to always always tended to have a much more healthy bunch of food on their dinner table than most other types of desis.
this is sort of refreshing
year = 1999
Cardiovascular disease risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups: Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women -- Kamath et al. 69 (4): 621 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Cardiovascular disease risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups: Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women1,2,3
Savitri K Kamath, Erum A Hussain, Daxa Amin, Erica Mortillaro, Barbara West, Charles T Peterson, Faustina Aryee, Genoveva Murillo and D Lee Alekel
Background: Although people from the Indian subcontinent have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), studies of such in Indian and Pakistani women living in the United States are lacking.
Objective: This study accounted for variability in serum lipid (total cholesterol and triacylglycerol) and lipoprotein [LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and HDL cholesterol] concentrations in Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women in the United States. Body composition, regional fat distribution, dietary intake, and energy expenditure were compared between groups.
Design: The 2 groups were 47 Indian and Pakistani and 47 American women. Health was assessed via medical history, physical activity, body composition (via anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (via 7-d food records), and serum lipids.
Results: Serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol were greater (P <0.03), whereas HDL-cholesterol values were lower (P = 0.011) in Indians and Pakistanis than in Americans. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 18% of the variance in total cholesterol (P = 0.0010) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0009) was accounted for by ethnicity, energy expenditure, and the ratio of the sum of central to the sum of peripheral skinfold thicknesses. Ethnicity, sum of central skinfold thicknesses, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intake accounted for 43% of the variance in triacylglycerol concentration (P 0.0001). Monounsaturated fat, percentage body fat, and alcohol intake accounted for 26% of variance in HDL cholesterol. Ethnicity contributed 22% of the 25% overall variance in lipoprotein(a).
Conclusions: Results suggest that these Indian and Pakistani women are at higher CVD risk than their American counterparts, but that increasing their physical activity is likely to decrease overall and regional adiposity, thereby improving their serum lipid profiles.
BUT
Coronary artery disease risk factors in south Asian and American premenopausal women -- Singh 70 (6): 1112 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 70, No. 6, 1112-1113, December 1999
© 1999 American Society for Clinical Nutrition
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Letters to the Editor
Coronary artery disease risk factors in south Asian and American premenopausal women
Ram B Singh
Heart Research Laboratory, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Civil Lines, Moradabad 10 (UP) 244001, India, E-mail:
rbsingh@nde.vsnl.net.inoricn@nde.vsnl.net.in
Dear Sir:
We enjoyed very much the most interesting work of Kamath et al (1) on the cardiovascular disease risk factors of south Asian and American premenopausal women. Their study raises several important questions. It is not clear how many subjects were consuming trans fatty acids and Indian ghee nor how much of these substances were being consumed. These substances are known to have adverse effects on coronary artery disease (2). trans Fatty acids also cause increases in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] (3) and n-3 fatty acids from fish oil can decrease Lp(a) concentrations. It would be interesting to know the intake of n-3 fatty acids in the 3 groups. It is not clear why Indians and Pakistanis had lower plasma insulin concentrations than the Americans, despite having greater abdominal fat and lower physical activity levels than the Americans, factors which are known to predispose hyperinsulinemia (4).
People of south Asian origin are accustomed to consuming low-fat diets (<20% of energy/d) and having physically demanding occupations (5). In one population survey (6, 7), of 3257 Indian women aged 25–64 y we found that coronary artery disease risk factors, including dietary fat intake, were significantly greater in the higher social classes 1 and 2 than in the lower social classes 3–5. There were no significant differences in fruit and vegetable intakes between social classes, indicating that dietary fat intake and physical inactivity may be important determinants of coronary artery disease risk in people of south Asian origin. One cross-sectional survey of 515 rural and 595 urban subjects showed that plasma concentrations of HDL were comparable in both men (1.18 ± 0.13 and 1.21 ± 0.22 mmol/L, respectively) and women (1.21 ± 0.16 and 1.28 ± 0.24 mmol/L, respectively) (8). However, 2-h plasma insulin was significantly higher in urban men and women than in rural subjects, indicating that it may be influenced by environmental factors (Table 1). Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols were significantly greater in urban than in rural subjects (Table 1). In a more recent study, plasma zinc concentrations and zinc intakes were inversely associated with high Lp(a) concentrations, indicating that poor zinc intake may cause increased Lp(a) concentrations more in urban than in rural subjects (9). In a randomized, single-blind controlled trial in 463 patients, we showed that a fat-reduced diet plus moderate physical activity decreased plasma insulin and associated disturbances, resulting in significant reductions in cardiac events (10).
Re: South Asians at greatest risk for heart attack
