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zeyneddine said
Any discourse or discussion on Islamic rulings suddenly turns into a madhab opinions, and countless fatwas are thrown around. Why does that happen? I understand a lot of us are not "knowledgable" enough about Islamic laws, so I'd like to know what "knowledge" we do need to read the Quran/Hadith, learn about the context such a ruling was sent down/applied and realize what the law/ruling is?
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First you need to know Arabic at least a Masters Degree level as much of the interpretation of the Quran and Hadith comes form the nuances of the language.
You should know the Quran like the back of your hand. You should also work on controlling your nafs, this play a huge part in drawing up unbiased rulings.
Islamic history is also a plus as you should know why and how the verses were revealed.
Thats probably around 20 years of studying for the average person. Hop to it.