Challenging Patriarchy are we Timbit?
I'm pretty sure the "protection of lineage" is part our religion. An example............adopted children cannot be given the family name. In part this is done to ensure that paternal identity is preserved.....an adopted child can still marry into the adopted family (as creepy as it could be lol). There are probably more compelling reasons out there but there's at least one to consider for now.
Also....if you look at the Prophets (may peace be upon them all) paternal lineage seems to be an important issue in both Biblical and Quranic accounts.
Allahu 'alam